High-speed oil-engine.



Patented Sept. 121916.

P. P. D'EIVIPSEY. HIGH SPEED OIL ENGINE. APPLICATION- HLED MAY15, 1915.

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Application filed May 15, 1915.

To all whom ii, may concern Be it the borough of Manhattan of the city of New York, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improve- -ments in High- Speed Oil-Engines, of which the following 1s a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

is invention relates to means for forming from oil an explosive mixture for the operation of internal combustlon engines of v the common four-cycle type in which the fuel employed is a light volatile hydrocarbon, such as gasolene, and ignition thereof produced by an electric spark.

The relatively low eficiency of the mod-v ern gas engine and the ating it have long been forts have been made to gine whichwould satisfy great cost of operreco ized and-efpr'o uce an oil ehall' commercial reulrements and be adaptable for use under t e conditions surrounding light. gas engines, such as are used on automobiles, etc. Thus far, however, all successful oil engines have been of the stationary type, of exceswei'ght, and special means for vaporizing or spraymg the heavy oil into the cylinder and other special means for bring g about ignition of the mixture. w

The object of the present invention is to provide alight to -cycle engine which will satisfy the commercial and engineering requirements surrounding the use of present day gas engines and whichshall be operated by a mixture formed from oil, the desirabilas a fuel needs no special mention.

The invention provides means whereby the oil is carbureted prior to its admission to theworking cylinder and is formed into a dry gas which is readily combustible upon by .an electric spark created in'the firing chamber in any approved manner. In accordance with the invention, the {fuel oil isvaporizetl in any desired man her so as to bring it into a whollygaseous state and is combined in this preliminary step with a relatively small portion of air, the mixture thus formed. being too rich for combusti n.

a known that T, PETER 1P2, DuMrsEr, a citizen of the United, States, residing in .at such a This gaseous mixture is then Patented e t. is, rare. Serial No. aaarz.

preferably drawn through a heating chamber from where -it passes into of the engine, the latter being kept at a critical temperature, that is, the temperahe gaseous oil would con-- dense or revert to lnder, 1s supplemented by an additional quantity of air which may pass directly into the cylinder through an auxiliary intake,

of which may then be brought about by an electric spark, as pointed out above. The various cycles of operation of an engine operated in accordance .with the present invention, remain substantially unchanged from standard practice take, compression, explosionstrokes following one another in regular order. The means for practising the same will be pointed out with greater detail hereinafter, referencenowbeing had to the accompanying drawings in which is illustrated, by way of example, an engine equipped with the improved devicesfor practislng the'invention.

In these" drawings Figure l is a -.view in side elevation of a light, air cooled engine of' the standard four-cycle type-to which has been added the improved means. 2 is a fragmentary view in detail, and on a much larger scale, of the carbureting and i its liquid-condition. The rich mixture, after being taken into the cyl- Fig.

now employed in light gas engines, the inand exhaust heating chamber for the fuel voil. 'Fig. 3 is a view in transverse section,-taken through the chamber shown in Fig. 2 on the line 3-3 and looking in the direction. of the arrows. Fig. 4 is a detail view in section, on a somewhat larger. scale, of theauxiliary airintake carried on the engine cylinder and communicating therewith and with the exthe addition of the proper proportion of air. and, further, is of a character which permits its ready ignition haust. v

ile the present invention isnot to be limited in'its application to any particular type ofengine, scription proceeds that fit is the cylinder of the engine to be maintained temperature that the gaseous mixture drawn into it will not have its temperature so reduced as to cause cOndensation.- In furtherance of this condition there as been illustrated. in the accompanying it will. appear as this ,def

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drawings an internal combustion engine in which the surrounding air is relied upon for cooling. This engine may comprise two or more cylinders a on the external surface of 5 which may be formed radiating flanges or webs a and into which the fuel may be drawn through an intake manifold 1) 'past overhead valves 0, the action of which may be controlled through lifter rods driven from a cam shaft (not illustrated) in a manner well known. Likewise, a portion of the burnt gases may be exhausted through other also controlled in their action by other lifter 1 5 rods (Z although an independent exhaust e,

into which each cylinder discharges, is also provided, as will appear more fully hereinafter; The charge of fuel may be derived from any convenient source through a passage f which may communicate with any approved form of carbureting device 9,

herein illustrated, for convenience, as comprising a relatively small spraying passage 9, the extent of the opening ofwhich is controlled by a needle valve h, on the stem of which may be-formed a handle h to fa cilitate manual adjustment. The carbureting device 9 has also formed therein an air inlet duct 4', which leads a limited volume of fresh air into intimate association with the fuel after the latter has passed through the spraying passage 9'. It is to be understood that other forms of carbureting devices may be employed without departing from the the function of this sp rit of the invention, device being only to create a very'rich mixture in which the proportion of air is so slight withrespect to the volume of fuel that the mixtu e will not preignite. From 40 the carbureting device 9 the rich mixture is led through a suitable heating chamb in which the hydrocarbon and the air are thoroughlycommingled. This heating chamber may also be modified in structure without departing from the spirit of the invention, although the illustrated embodiment is simple in construction and effective in operation. The chamber 70 is formed as a long cylinder, the interior of which is divided by a number of transverse plates is which may be cast integral erk convenientt with the chamber nd each one of which is formed an opening 70* for the passageof the rich mixturetherethrough. In the preferred form, the openings 2 in successive diametrically opposed so that the gas is, caused to take a tortuous path in its this effect being secured by placing the carbureting device g in communication with the cylin- .der at one end thereof, as through a passage 9 and leading the gas from the opposite end of the chamber through a pipe I whic communicates with the intake mani and chamber 70 and the overhead valves 01 which are the exhaust pipe 0,

fold b.- Extending longitudinally through the chamber and fitting snugly in central openings 70 formed in the plates is and disposed substantially coaxially with respect to the chamber, is a section 6 of pipe to which is secured the exhaust pipe 6 hereinbefore referred to. By this construction, from the exhaust e are led through the pipe e radiates its heat and thereby heats the rich gaseous mixture passing through the chamber In.

Without attempting, at this point, to outline the operation of the engine, it may be stated briefly that when the rich mixture 19 linder a on the suction stroke of the engine, it becomes neces-' sary to introduce into the cylinder a supplementary supply of fresh air which will combine with the mixture so as to form a suitable gas before the compressi n stroke. In the illustrated embodiment, this supplementary charge of air is introduced into the cylinder through a valve cage (1?, either secured to or formed integral with the cylinder walls in substantially the same plane as that in which the piston is in its lowermost position, as will appear. The valve cage (L as shown in- Fig. 4, has mounted therein a spring-pressed check valve m which is operated automatically by the suction of the piston and serves to control the inflow of fresh air through the port a past the valve and into the cylinder, whenever the piston uncovers the communicating passage to the cage 0? on its suction stroke. In the cage (1 is also seated a valve 7, the stem n of which is in operative engagement with the main cam shaft of the engine, whereby the valve n is unseated periodically and in proper phase relation to the cycle of operations of the engine, for the purpose of permitting the exhaust of burnt gases from the cylinder into in the usual manner.

In operation, it is desirable to start the engine by some highly volatile hydrocarbon, such as gasolene. This initial starting charge may be passed through the carbureting device 9 from a source of supply 0,

the communication of which with the cardrawn into the proper cy bureting device may be controlled by a fourway cock p to which may also lead a supply pipe q for crude oil or the like and a third supply pipe 1" which may lead from a supply of kerosene or other fuel of about the same character. The cock p, it will now appear, is turned to permit the flow of gasolene from the supply 0 to the carbureting device g, from whence it will be drawn through the chamber is and introduced into the cylinder (1 through the intake manifold I) under the control of the inlet valve 0. After the motor is turned over a few times and the engine walls become heated to a degree, the cock 7? may be turned so as to place the kerosene supply a" in communication with the carbureting device 9" whereupon the and since the" invention is concerned primarily with reference to the use of a heavy oil for the driving of the motor, a more de tailed description will be given with this heavy oil as the fuel. When the oil is drawn past the needle valve h which has been ad-- usted so as to give the proper spraying or subdividing of the particles of oil, the vapor thus formed will be drawn into contact with the small volume of air which enters through the relatively small duct z. The mixture formed at this stage is too rich to be explosive and accbrdingly passes into the heating chamber is and into intimate contact with the hot exhaust pipe 6 without danger of ignition. lihe suction in one or more of the cylinders a is of course transmitted through the inlet pipe Z to the chamber is so that the rich mixture is drawn through this chamber along the tortuous path indicated by the dotted arrows in Fig.

- 2 and created by the staggered positions of so e I the rich gas becomes heated under the influinder. When'this piston uncovers e openings k in the successive plates 70'. During the passage through the chamber 70 ence of the heat radiated from the [exhaust e. Fromthe chamber is the rich mixture is drawn into oneof the cylinders 0: uponthe opening of the intake valve 0 and the suction stroke of the piston in the 0371-- the port lead' from the cylinder to 40 a su cien't suction is applied to thecheck valve m to unseat the .same and permit the l inflow of a quantity of air throughthe port 551 ated will be compressed in the firing space,

- a to. the interior of the cylinder where the air will commingle with the rich mixture.

The valve m will, of course, return to its seat assoon as the suction drops to a predetermined point and the length of time for which'the valve m is lated by controllingthe tension of its spring unseated may be regum, the object being, of course, to introduce just suflicient air into the cylinder as will form a combustible gas of most desirable as usual, and exploded by means of an electric spark in a manner now well known in gas engine practice. Following the working stroke of the piston,-the-exhai1st valve n in the cage a wwill be unseated to permit the exhaust of the greater'part of the burnt gases beforethe appreciable distance, exhaust valve d will also be opened during the exhaust stroke and permit the escape the cock p may be turned so dent that the the valve cage of ahighly volatile hydrocarbon," such as gasolene,

piston moves upward an although'the overhead b means for forming an y from oil. comprising a carloure'ting passage valve 1:. is to aflord a convenient means for leading hot gases to the heating chamber It, the" exhaust gases being reliedupon, in the illustrated embodiment, for the initial heat ing and drying of the rich gaseous mixture, as explained before. It is important to note that during the operation of the engine, no effort is made to cool the cylinder walls to such, an extent as is known in gas engine practice but, on the contrar the cooling action of the surroundingair alone is relied on.

It is important to maintain the walls of the cylinder at such a relatively hightemperature and certainly at a point above the critical temperature, so that the heated gases drawn from the chamber is shall not be .cooled appreciably and so that the hydrocarbon element shall not be condensed.

From the description given it will he eviin the provision of portable internal standard form may an explosive mixture created in a novel means whereby a light, combustion engine of manner and formed from a heavy oil and air and adapted to tric spark created in venient Way.

It will be evident that other means than those herein illustrated may be employed for forming .the explosive mixture, but it is to be understoedthatall modifications in the means'which (hai -riot depart from the gist of the invention asherein pointed out are to be deemed Within the scope of the invention provided such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.

llclaim as my invention: 7 V a I In an' internal combustion engine having a cylinder and piston, means for operatthe same comprising a source of supply be exploded by an electhe cylinder in any conasource of supply of heavy oil, a carbureting device for said hydrocarbons, a. valve to control tween each one of the sources ofs ipply and thefcarbureting device, a restricted air inlet duct through which air insuflicient to form an explosive e isadmitted to'the carbureting chamber, a

heating chamber through w 'ch the rich mixture is drawn from the carloureting de-' -.v-ice, a valve controlled connectlon fi-om this chamber into the'engine cylinder, and an auxiliary air supply through which a supplemental volumeof, air 7 into the'cylinder and there added to the rich mixture to form an explosive gas. H ,2. In combination with an internal comustion engine having a cylinder and piston, explosive e be driven by means ofgist of the invention resides the commun cation bealimited qu itity of is drawn directly for the oil having an adjustable needle valve to control the same, a restricted air inlet port through which a limited quantity of air is combined with the vaporized gas, a heating chamber into which the rich mixture is drawn from the carbureting device, said chamber having formed therein a series of transverse plates, each one of which is provided with an opening diametrically opposed to the openings in adjacent plates, whereby the mixture is caused to travel along a tortuous path, an inlet pipe through which the mixture passes into the cylinder, a valve cage carried on the cylinder andcommunicating with the interior thereof, a check valve mounted in the cage and operable automatically under the suction of the piston to admit to the cylinder a sufiicient volume of air to form with the rich mixture an explosive gas, a valve controlled exhaust passage formed in the valve cage, and an exhaust pipe through which the burnt gases are led from said exhaust passage to the heating chamber.

3. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder and piston, means for operating the same comprising a source of supply of a highly volatile hydrocarbon, such as gasolene, a source of supply of a heavier oil, such as kerosene, a source of supply of crude oil, a carbureting hydrocarbons, a valve to control the commimication between each one of the sources of supply and the carbureting device, a restricted air inlet duct through which a limited quantity of air insufficient to form an explosive mixture is admitted to the care bureting chamber, a heating chamber through which the rich mixture is drawn from the carbureting device, a connection from this chamber into the engine cylinder,

and an auxiliary air supply through which a supplemental volume of air is drawn d1- rectly into the cylinder and then added to the rich mixture to form an explosive gas.

This specification signed this 6th day of May, A. D. 1915.

PETER DEMPSEY.

device for all of, said 

